研究

Studies

• Shorter sleep duration and longer sleep onset latency are related to difficulty disengaging attention from negative emotional images in individuals with elevated transdiagnostic repetitive negative thinking, ニューヨーク州立大学ビンガムトン校 （2018年3月）

  Shorter habitual sleep duration was associated with more time looking at emotionally negative compared to neutral images during a free-viewing attention task and more difficulty disengaging attention from negative compared to neutral images during a directed attention task. In addition, longer sleep onset latencies were also associated with difficulty disengaging attention from negative stimuli.

• A process-oriented model linking adolescents' sleep hygiene and psychological functioning: the moderating role of school start times, ロチェスター大学 （2017年10月）

  Teenagers with school starting times before 8:30 a.m. may be at particular risk of experiencing depression and anxiety due to compromised sleep quality.

• Changes in Sleep Duration, Quality, and Medication Use Are Prospectively Associated With Health and Well-being, ウォーリック大学 （2017年1月）

  The current study has provided fresh evidence in support of a temporal effect of sleep changes on health and well-being. This relationship applies to both negative and positive changes in sleep duration, sleep quality, and use of sleep medication. Sleep is therefore a logical and feasible target for preventative health intervention.

• Prevalence of Healthy Sleep Duration among Adults, アメリカ疾病予防管理センター （2016年2月）

  To promote optimal health and well-being, adults aged 18–60 years are recommended to sleep at least 7 hours each night (1). Sleeping <7 hours per night is associated with increased risk for obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, stroke, frequent mental distress, and all-cause mortality. Insufficient sleep impairs cognitive performance, which can increase the likelihood of motor vehicle and other transportation accidents, industrial accidents, medical errors, and loss of work productivity that could affect the wider community.

  Results: A total of 65.2% of respondents reported a healthy sleep duration.

• The Association between Psychological Distress and Self-Reported Sleep Duration in a Population-Based Sample of Women and Men, アメリカ疾病予防管理センター （2015年11月）

  Mental health and sleep are intricately linked.

  Results: [All] psychological distress was associated with a higher probability of short sleep duration (<6 hours) but not long sleep duration (>9 hours). These findings highlight the need for interventions.

• Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult, アメリカ睡眠医学アカデミー （2015年6月）

  Adults should sleep 7 or more hours per night on a regular basis to promote optimal health.

• Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Performance, ブラッドリー大学 （1996年6月）

  Overall sleep deprivation strongly impairs human functioning. Partial sleep deprivation has a more profound effect on functioning than either long-term or short-term sleep deprivation

Sleep aids studies

• The effect of vitamin D supplement on the score and quality of sleep in 20-50 year-old people with sleep disorders compared with control group, イランのアフヴァーズ大学 （2017年5月）

  This study shows that the use of vitamin D supplement improves sleep quality, reduces sleep latency, raises sleep duration and improves subjective sleep quality in people of 20-50 year-old with sleep disorder.

• Evaluating the Safety and Effectiveness of the Weighted Blanket With Adults During an Inpatient Mental Health Hospitalization, アメリカン・インターナショナル・カレッジ （2015年7月）

  60% had a significant reduction in anxiety using the weighted blanket.

• Positive effects of a weighted blanket on insomnia, フランス国立科学研究センター （2015年5月）

  Insomnia is a common occurrence and can have a negative impact on physiological, psychological and social well-being. There is a need for simple, effective solutions to increase sleep quality.

  Objectively, we found that sleep bout time increased, as well as a decrease in movements of the participants, during weighted blanket use. Subjectively, the participants liked sleeping with the blanket, found it easier to settle down to sleep and had an improved sleep, where they felt more refreshed in the morning. Overall, we found that when the participants used the weighted blanket, they had a calmer night's sleep. A weighted blanket may aid in reducing insomnia through altered tactile inputs, thus may provide an innovative, non-pharmacological approach and complementary tool to improve sleep quality.

Sleep detriment studies

• Attenuation of short wavelengths alters sleep and the ipRGC pupil response, ヒューストン大学 （2017年6月）

  The use of short wavelength-blocking glasses at night increased subjectively measured sleep quality and objectively measured melatonin levels and sleep duration, presumably as a result of decreased night-time stimulation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. Results suggest that minimising short wavelength light following sunset may help in regulating sleep patterns.

• Light level and duration of exposure determine the impact of self-luminous tablets on melatonin suppression, レンセラー工科大学 （2013年3月）

  Exposure to light from self-luminous displays may be linked to increased risk for sleep disorders because these devices emit optical radiation at short wavelengths, close to the peak sensitivity of melatonin suppression.

• Beginning the workday yet already depleted? Consequences of late-night smartphone use and sleep, フロリダ大学 （2012年8月）

  We found that smartphone use for work at night increased depletion the next morning via its effects on sleep. Morning depletion in turn diminished daily work engagement.

Studies

• REM sleep selectively prunes and maintains new synapses in development and learning, 北京大学 （2016年9月）

  REM sleep has multifaceted functions in brain development, learning and memory consolidation by selectively eliminating and maintaining newly formed synapses.

• Sleep Drives Metabolite Clearance from the Adult Brain, ロチェスター大学 （2016年9月）

  Metabolic waste products of neural activity were cleared out of the sleeping brain at a faster rate than during the awake state... The restorative function of sleep may be a consequence of the enhanced removal of potentially neurotoxic waste products that accumulate in the awake central nervous system.

• Manipulating circadian clock neuron firing rate resets molecular circadian rhythms and behavior, ヴァンダービルト大学 （2014年11月）

  People who had most of their daily exposure to even moderately bright light in the morning had a significantly lower body mass index (BMI) than those who had most of their light exposure later in the day.

• Timing and Intensity of Light Correlate with Body Weight in Adults, ノースウェスタン大学 （2014年4月）

  People who had most of their daily exposure to even moderately bright light in the morning had a significantly lower body mass index (BMI) than those who had most of their light exposure later in the day.

• Happy as a Lark: Morning-Type Younger and Older Adults Are Higher in Positive Affect, トロント大学 （2012年6月）

  Our results demonstrate that morningness is associated with higher positive affect among both younger and older adults. Morningness was also associated with better subjective health.

• Human relational memory requires time and sleep, コロンビア大学 （2007年5月）

  Relational memory, the flexible ability to generalize across existing stores of information, is a fundamental property of human cognition. Little is known, however, about how and when this inferential knowledge emerges.

  These findings demonstrate that human relational memory develops during offline time delays. Furthermore, sleep appears to preferentially facilitate this process by enhancing hierarchical memory binding, thereby allowing superior performance for the more distant inferential judgments, a benefit that may operate below the level of conscious awareness.